Dementia: The size of your family could influence your cognitive function in later life

The world's approach to dementia has changed in recent decades. In the past, it was seen as an inevitable part of ageing, that as the body declined so would the mind. However, that has now changed, and dementia is now known as a disease rather than an inevitability of life. In the years since this discovery, millions of pounds have been poured into dementia research in the quest for new treatments and, potentially, a cure.

Unfortunately, despite decades of research, there are still no effective treatments for dementia.

Nevertheless, scientists such as Race Against Dementia's Dr Cara Croft are confident of new treatments within the next 10 years.

In the meantime, as well as investigating new treatments, scientists are also investigating risk factors for dementia.

One of these could be the size of a person's family.

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© Getty Images Researchers have found family size could impact dementia risk.

Scientists from the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health say the size of a person's family can dictate how healthy they will be in later life.

Their results, published in the journal Demography, suggest a family with more than two children will have poorer cognitive health in later life than a family with just two children.

The study is understood to be the first of its kind to link family size with dementia risk at a causal level.

Professor Vegard Skirbekk said of the study: "Understanding the factors that contribute to optimal late-life cognition is essential for ensuring successful ageing at the individual and societal levels."

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The reasons cited for a larger family increasing an individual's dementia risk centred around the additional costs children incur as well as the subsequent increase in stress levels.

However, it was also found having more children decreases the risk of social isolation, one of the key risk factors for dementia.

Other risk factors for dementia include:

• Ageing

• Genes

• Gender and sex

• Cognitive reserve

• Ethnicity

• Health conditions and diseases

• Lifestyle factors.

© Getty Images The fewer children a person had the less likely they were to develop dementia.

With regard to health, another study has investigated the impact of diet on dementia risk.

The study, published in the journal Neurology, suggests higher levels of antioxidants could lessen an individual's chances of developing dementia.

Lead author Dr May Beydoun said of the results: "Oxidative stress may occur at an abnormally high level in our body, including within our brain.

"In such circumstances, consuming antioxidants may help protect our cells from damage, including our brain cells."

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One form of antioxidant is Carotenoids.

These can be found in fruits and vegetables such as:

• Kale

• Spinach

• Berries

• Apples

• Papaya

These findings stress the importance of a healthy diet in maintaining an individual's cognitive health in the long term.