Global stocks tumble as oil crashes, compounding coronavirus fears

© Spencer Platt/Getty Images NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 03: People walk by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on March 03, 2020 in New York City. Following a strong market surge yesterday, stocks one again fell on Wall Street as global concerns over the financial impact from the Coronavirus drive investments down. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

Global stocks are falling and bond yields are sinking after the implosion of a critical oil alliance caused crude prices to crash to historic lows.

S&P 500 futures plunged as much as 5% Sunday evening, triggering a limit that prevents futures from trading below that mark. Dow futures fell more than 1,200 points, or about 4.7%. Nasdaq Composite futures were down 4.8%.

The sell-off carried over into Asia Pacific, where Australia's S&P/ASX 200 ended 7.3% lower on Monday, the index's biggest plunge since October 2008. Japan's Nikkei 225 sank 5.1% to its lowest close in more than a year. South Korea's Kospi fell 4.2%, its biggest loss since October 2018.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng lost 3.5% in afternoon trading, setting the index up for its biggest decline in more than a year. China's Shanghai Composite was the best performer among major indexes in Asia — and even then was still down 2.9%.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury note, meanwhile, fell below 0.5%, hitting record lows.The panic began after Saudi Arabia shocked oil markets by launching a price war against onetime ally Russia. The Saudi kingdom is pressuring the country and trying to retake market share after Russia refused to go along with OPEC's efforts to rescue the coronavirus-battered oil market by cutting production.

US oil prices crashed 27% overnight and were last trading at $30.04 a barrel, while the global benchmark Brent crude was down 26%, trading at $33.28 a barrel. Both oil contracts are on track for their worst day since 1991, according to Refinitiv.

Making matters worse, the novel coronavirus continues to weigh heavily on investors as it deals an unexpected shock to the economy. The virus has infected more than 108,000 people and is throwing many countries into turmoil. Italy placed nearly 16 million people under lockdown amid a growing Europe-wide outbreak. 

'Complete pandemonium'

Investors are waking up "shell shocked," wrote Stephen Innes, chief market strategist at AxiCorp, in a Monday research note. He described the panic as "complete pandemonium."

The one-two punch of Saudi Arabia's oil price war and the deepening coronavirus fears in Europe added "another level of unwanted panic to a market already thick with fear," Innes said, noting that investors have begun piling into safe haven assets. The Japanese yen surged against the US dollar to its strongest level in more than three years, while gold briefly traded above $1,700 per ounce and hit its highest levels since 2012.

Wall Street has faced heavy losses for the past several weeks due to fears surrounding the coronavirus. During the last week of February, US stocks had their worst week since the financial crisis, and the economic disruption caused by the virus doesn't appear to be letting up.

Global markets have also been battered in recent days. About $9 trillion was wiped off global stocks in nine days, Bank of America said in a research note after US markets closed deep in the red again on Thursday.

Innes warned that the oil market could remain under pressure for the foreseeable future. And he said it seems inevitable that US cases of the coronavirus will keep climbing, "possibly in an explosive way" once testing is rolled out on a large scale.

The scale of the coronavirus outbreak spread rapidly in the United States last week. At least 33 states now have cases of the virus, and many major US companies have begun encouraging or allowing employees to work from home. 

China's slow recovery

Dismal data out of China is also painting a gloomy picture for the world's second-largest economy. China's exports fell 17% in the January-to-February period compared to a year before, according to customs data released over the weekend. Imports fell 4%. The government blamed the declines on the Lunar New Year holiday and the coronavirus outbreak.

China also recorded its first trade deficit since its trade war with the United States began two years ago.

"The return to economic normality in China has been very slow since the coronavirus outbreak," wrote Louis Kuijs, head of Asia Economics at Oxford Economics, in a research note, pointing to the poor trade data and last week's surveys of activity in the country's manufacturing and services sector.

Oxford Economics now expects China's economic growth to contract 2% in the first quarter compared to the prior quarter, though Kuijs wrote that there should be a "robust recovery" through the rest of the year.

Kuijs wrote that the situation should "turn the corner" soon as people return to work and companies catch up on lost activity.

But others pointed to the spread of the coronavirus overseas as a continued cause for concern.

"China may slowly be returning to work, but manufacturers will now likely be facing an international fall in demand," wrote Jeffrey Halley, senior market analyst for Asia Pacific at Oanda.

-- Matt Egan contributed to this report.